Da fatan za a bincika cikin ƙamus, wanda ke ba da ma'anar ma'anar da aka fi amfani da su a cikihaskakawa, gine-gine da zane.An bayyana sharuɗɗan, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi, da nomenclature ta hanyar da yawancin masu zanen haske suka fahimta.
Lura cewa waɗannan ma'anoni na iya zama na zahiri kuma suna aiki ne kawai azaman jagora.
A
Hasken lafazi: Nau'in hasken da ake amfani da shi don jawo hankali ko jaddada wani abu ko gini.
Abubuwan sarrafawa masu daidaitawaNa'urori kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin motsi, dimmers da masu ƙidayar lokaci da ake amfani da su tare da hasken waje don canza ƙarfin haske ko tsawon lokaci.
Hasken yanayi: Gaba ɗaya matakin haske a cikin sarari.
Angstrom: Tsawon raƙuman raƙuman sararin samaniya, mita 10-10 ko 0.1 nanometer.
B
Baffle: Wani sinadari mai jujjuyawa ko buguwa da ake amfani da shi don ɓoye tushen haske daga gani.
BallastNa'urar da aka yi amfani da ita don farawa da sarrafa fitila ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki, halin yanzu da/ko tsarin igiyar ruwa da ake buƙata.
katako yada: Matsakaici tsakanin kwatance guda biyu akan jirgin inda ƙarfin yayi daidai da ƙayyadaddun kaso na matsakaicin ƙarfi, yawanci 10%.
Haske: Ƙarfin jin daɗi da ke haifar da kallon saman da ke fitar da haske.
Kwan fitila ko fitila: Tushen haske.Dole ne a bambanta duka taron (duba luminaire).Kwan fitila da gidaje galibi ana kiran su da fitila.
C
Candela: Unit na tsanani.Candela: Naúrar ƙarfin haske.Wanda aka fi sani da kyandir.
Candlepower rarraba lankwasa(wanda kuma ake kira makircin rarraba wutar kyandir): Wannan jadawali ne na bambance-bambance a cikin hasken haske ko haske.
Candlepower: Ƙarfin haske da aka bayyana a cikin Candelas.
CIE: Hukumar Internationale de l'Eclairage.Hukumar Hasken Duniya.Yawancin ma'auni na hasken wuta an saita su ta hukumar hasken duniya.
Coefficient na Amfani - CU: Matsakaicin ma'aunin haske mai haske (lumens), wanda aka samu ta hanyar haske a kan "jirgin sama" [yankin da ake buƙatar haske], zuwa ga hasken da hasken wuta ke fitarwa.
Ma'anar launi: Tasirin hasken haske akan bayyanar launukan abubuwa idan aka kwatanta da bayyanar su lokacin da aka fallasa hasken rana ta al'ada.
Launuka Mai Rarraba Fihirisar CRI: Ma'auni na yadda daidaitaccen tushen haske wanda ke da takamaiman CCT yana ba da launuka idan aka kwatanta da tushen tushe mai CCT iri ɗaya.CRI mai ƙima mai girma yana ba da mafi kyawun haske a daidai wannan ko ma ƙananan matakan haske.Kada ku hada fitilun da ke da CCT ko CRI daban-daban.Lokacin siyan fitilu, saka duka CCT da CRI.
Cones da sanduna: Ƙungiyoyin sel masu haske da aka samu a cikin retina na idanun dabbobi.Cones suna rinjaye lokacin da haske ya yi girma kuma suna ba da fahimtar launi.Sanduna suna da rinjaye a ƙananan matakan haske amma ba sa samar da fahimtar launi mai mahimmanci.
Zane-zane: Ƙarfin sigina ko saƙo don ficewa daga bayanansa ta yadda ido zai iya gane shi cikin sauƙi.
Yanayin Launi Mai Daidaitawa (CCT): Ma'auni na zafi ko sanyin haske a cikin Kelvin digiri (degK).Fitillun da ke da CCT ƙasa da digiri 3,200 Kelvin ana ɗaukar su dumi.Fitillu tare da CCT sama da 4,00 degK suna bayyana launin shuɗi-fari.
Dokar Cosine: Hasken kan saman yana canzawa yayin da kusurwar cosine na hasken abin da ya faru.Kuna iya haɗa ƙa'idodin murabba'i mai juzu'i da dokokin cosine.
Yanke kusurwa: kusurwar da aka yanke mai haske shine kusurwar da aka auna daga nadir.Madaidaicin ƙasa, tsakanin madaidaicin axis na luminaire da layin farko wanda ba a ganin kwan fitila ko fitilar.
Yanke Ficture: IES ta bayyana ma'anar yankewa a matsayin "Ƙarfin da ke sama da 90deg a kwance, ba fiye da 2.5% fitilu lumens ba kuma babu fiye da 10% fitilu sama da 80deg".
D
Duhu karbuwa: Tsarin da ido ya dace da hasken wuta ƙasa da 0.03 candela (0.01 footlambert) kowace murabba'in mita.
Diffuser: Wani abu da ake amfani dashi don watsa haske daga tushen haske.
Dimmer: Dimmers suna rage buƙatun shigar da wutar lantarki na fitilu masu kyalli da incandescent.Fitilar fitilun fitilu suna buƙatar ballasts masu dimming na musamman.Fitilar fitilu masu ƙyalƙyali suna rasa aiki lokacin da suka dushe.
Nakasa Glare: Hasken haske wanda ke rage gani da aiki.Yana iya zama tare da rashin jin daɗi.
Rashin jin daɗi: Hasken haske wanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi amma ba lallai ba ne ya rage aikin gani.
E
inganci: Ƙarfin tsarin hasken wuta don cimma sakamakon da ake so.An auna shi a cikin lumens/watt (lm/W), wannan shine rabo tsakanin fitowar haske da yawan wutar lantarki.
inganci: Auna fitarwa ko ingancin tsarin idan aka kwatanta da shigar da shi.
Bakan Electromagnetic (EM): Rarraba makamashin da ke fitowa daga maɓuɓɓugar haske a cikin tsari na mita ko tsayin raƙuman ruwa.Haɗa hasken gamma, hasken X-ray, ultraviolet, bayyane, infrared da tsawon raƙuman radiyo.
Makamashi (ƙarfin haske): naúrar joule ne ko erg.
F
Hasken facade: Hasken ginin waje.
Daidaitawa: Ƙungiyar da ke riƙe da fitilar a cikin tsarin haske.Ƙaddamarwa ya haɗa da duk abubuwan da ke sarrafa hasken wuta, ciki har da mai haskakawa, refractor, ballast, gidaje da abubuwan da aka haɗe.
Fixture Lumens: Fitar da hasken wutar lantarki bayan an sarrafa shi ta hanyar na'urorin gani.
Fixture Watts: Jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita.Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da wutar lantarki ta fitilu da ballasts.
Hasken ambaliya: Hasken haske wanda aka ƙera don " ambaliyar ruwa ", ko ambaliya, wani yanki da aka ƙayyade tare da haske.
Flux (guba mai haske)Naúrar ta kasance ko dai watts ko erg/sec.
Candle na ƙafa: Haskaka a kan saman da aka samar ta hanyar ma'ana da ke fitowa daidai a candela ɗaya.
Footlambert (fitila): Matsakaicin haske na fili mai fitarwa ko haskakawa a ƙimar lumen 1 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in.
Cikakken yanke kayan aiki: A cewar IES, wannan ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki ne wanda ke da matsakaicin 10% fitilar lumen sama da digiri 80.
Cikakken Garkuwa Fix: Ƙaƙwalwar da ba ta ƙyale wani hayaki ya wuce ta sama da jirgin sama a kwance.
G
Glare: Haske mai makanta, mai tsananin haske wanda ke rage gani.Hasken da ya fi haske a fagen kallo fiye da hasken da ido ya daidaita.
H
HID fitila: Hasken da ake fitarwa (makamashi) a cikin fitilar fitarwa yana samuwa ne lokacin da wutar lantarki ta ratsa ta cikin gas.Mercury, karfe halide da kuma high-matsi sodium fitilu ne misalai na High-intensity Discharge (HID).Sauran fitilun fitarwa sun haɗa da mai kyalli da LPS.Wasu daga cikin waɗannan fitilun an lulluɓe su a ciki don canza wasu makamashin ultraviolet daga fitar da iskar gas a fitowar gani.
HPS (High-Matsi Sodium) fitila: Fitilar HID da ke samar da radiation daga tururin sodium a ƙarƙashin babban matsi.(100 Torr) HPS shine ainihin "tushen-ma'ana".
Garkuwar gida-gefe: Wani abu wanda ba shi da kyau kuma an yi amfani da shi a kan hasken wuta don hana hasken haske a kan gida ko wani tsari.
I
Haske: Yawancin abin da ya faru na jujjuyawar haske a saman ƙasa.Naúrar ita ce kyandir (ko lux).
IES/IESNA (Ƙungiyar Injiniya Haskakawa ta Arewacin Amurka): Ƙungiya ta ƙwararrun injiniyoyi masu haske daga masana'antun da sauran masu sana'a da ke da hannu a cikin hasken wuta.
Fitilar Wuta: Ana samar da hasken wuta lokacin da filament ke dumama wutar lantarki zuwa zafi mai zafi.
Infrared Radiation: Wani nau'in radiation na lantarki wanda ke da tsayin tsayi fiye da hasken da ake iya gani.Ya shimfiɗa daga gefen ja na kewayon da ake iya gani a 700 nanometers har zuwa 1 mm.
Ƙarfi: Yawan ko matakin makamashi ko haske.
International Dark-Sky Association, Inc.: Wannan ƙungiya mai zaman kanta tana da nufin wayar da kan jama'a game da mahimmancin sararin samaniya da kuma buƙatar hasken waje mai inganci.
Inverse-square Law: Ƙarfin haske a wurin da aka ba shi kai tsaye daidai da nisa daga tushen batu, d.E = I/d2
J
K
Kilowatt-hour (kWh): Kilowatts ne 1000 watts na iko wanda ke aiki na awa daya.
L
Rayuwar Lamba: Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa don wani nau'in fitila.Matsakaicin fitilar za ta daɗe fiye da rabin fitilun.
LED: diode mai haske
Hasken ƙazanta: duk wani mummunan tasirin hasken wucin gadi.
Ingancin Haske: Wannan ma'auni ne na jin daɗi da fahimtar da mutum yake da shi bisa haske.
Zuba Haske: Zubewar da ba'a so ko ɗigowar haske zuwa wuraren da ke kusa, wanda zai iya haifar da lahani ga masu karɓa masu mahimmanci kamar kaddarorin zama da wuraren muhalli.
Hasken Wuta: Lokacin da haske ya faɗi a inda ba a so ko buƙata.Haske zubewa Hasken da yake toshewa
Gudanar da HaskeNa'urorin da suke dushewa ko kunna fitulu.
Sensors na Photocell: Na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke kunna wuta ko kashe bisa ga matakin hasken halitta.Yanayin da ya fi ci gaba na iya yin dusashewa a hankali ko ƙara haske.Hakanan duba: Sarrafa Daidaitawa.
Fitilar Sodium Ƙarƙashin Matsi (LPS): Hasken fitarwa inda hasken da aka samar shine ta hanyar radiation na sodium tururi a ƙarƙashin ƙananan matsi (kimanin 0.001 Torr).Ana kiran fitilar LPS “tube-source”.Yana da monochromatic.
Lumen: Naúrar don haske mai haske.Juyin da aka samar ta tushe guda ɗaya yana fitar da daidaitaccen ƙarfi na candela 1.
Fatar rage darajar Lumen: Fitilar hasken wuta na raguwa a tsawon lokaci sakamakon raguwar ingancin fitilar, tarin datti da sauran dalilai.
Luminaire: Gaba ɗaya naúrar haske, wanda ya haɗa da kayan aiki, ballasts da fitilu.
Haɓakar Luminaire (Rashin fitarwar Haske): Rabo tsakanin adadin hasken da ke fitowa daga hasken wuta da hasken da fitulun da aka rufe.
Hasken haske: Ma'ana a wata hanya da kuma tsananin hasken da aka samar a wannan hanyar ta hanyar wani sinadari da ke kewaye da batu, wanda aka raba shi da wurin da aka yi hasashe da kashi a kan jirgin sama daidai da alkibla.Raka'a: candelas kowane yanki na yanki.
Lux: Lumen daya a kowace murabba'in mita.Naúrar haske.
M
fitilar Mercury: Fitilar HID da ke samar da haske ta hanyar fitar da radiation daga tururin mercury.
Karfe-halide fitila (HID): Fitilar da ke samar da haske ta hanyar amfani da hasken karfe-halide.
Tsayin hawa: Tsawon fitilar ko kayan aiki sama da ƙasa.
N
Nadir: Ma'anar duniyar sama wanda ke kishiyar zenith, kuma kai tsaye ƙarƙashin mai kallo.
NanometerNau'in nanometer shine mita 10-9.Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi don wakiltar tsawon raƙuman ruwa a cikin bakan EM.
O
Sensors na zama
* Infrared mai wucewa: Tsarin sarrafa hasken wuta wanda ke amfani da hasken infrared don gano motsi.Na'urar firikwensin yana kunna tsarin haske lokacin da infrared beams suka rushe ta hanyar motsi.Bayan an saita lokaci, tsarin zai kashe fitilun idan ba a gano motsi ba.
* Ultrasonic: Wannan tsarin kula da hasken wuta ne wanda ke amfani da bugun sauti mai tsayi don gano motsi ta amfani da zurfin fahimta.Na'urar firikwensin yana kunna tsarin hasken wuta lokacin da yawan raƙuman sauti ya canza.Tsarin zai kashe fitilu bayan wani lokaci ba tare da wani motsi ba.
Na gani: Abubuwan da ke cikin hasken wuta, kamar masu haskakawa da na'urori masu juyawa waɗanda ke haɗa sashin da ke fitar da haske.
P
Photometry: Ma'aunin ma'auni na matakan haske da rarrabawa.
PhotocellNa'urar da ke canza haske ta atomatik don amsa matakan haske na kewaye da ita.
Q
Ingancin haske: Ma'auni na ma'auni na tabbatacce da rashin lahani na shigarwar haske.
R
Masu kallo: Na'urorin gani masu sarrafa haske ta hanyar tunani (ta amfani da madubai).
Refractor (wanda ake kira ruwan tabarau): Na'urar gani mai sarrafa haske ta amfani da refraction.
S
Semi-cutoff daidaitawaA cewar IES, "Ƙarfin da ke sama da 90deg a kwance bai wuce 5% ba kuma a 80deg ko mafi girma ba fiye da 20% ba".
Garkuwa: Wani abu mara kyau wanda ke toshe watsa haske.
Skyglow: Haske mai bazuwa, tarwatsewa a sararin sama wanda ya haifar da tarwatsa hanyoyin hasken da ke fitowa daga kasa.
Ƙarfin Tushen: Wannan shine ƙarfin kowane tushe, ta hanyar da za ta iya zama mai ban tsoro da waje da wurin da za a kunna wuta.
Haske: Hasken haske wanda aka tsara don haskaka ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun wuri, ƙananan yanki.
Bataccen haske: Hasken da ke fitowa kuma yana faɗuwa a waje da wurin da ake so ko ake buƙata.Ketare haske.
T
Hasken Aiki: Ana amfani da hasken aiki don haskaka takamaiman ayyuka ba tare da haskaka kowane yanki ba.
U
Hasken ultraviolet: Wani nau'i na radiation electromagnetic tare da tsayin daka tsakanin 400 nm zuwa 100 nm.Ya fi guntu haske da ake iya gani, amma ya fi X haskoki tsayi.
V
Hasken lullubi (VL): Hasken haske wanda aka samar ta hanyar maɓuɓɓuka masu haske wanda aka sanya akan hoton ido, yana rage bambanci da gani.
Ganuwa: Ido ya gane.Ganin yadda ya kamata.Manufar hasken dare.
W
Fakitin bangon waya: Fitilar da yawanci ke haɗe zuwa gefe ko bayan ginin don haskakawa gabaɗaya.
X
Y
Z
Zenith: Ma'ana "sama" ko kai tsaye "sama", wani wuri a kan duniyar sararin samaniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-02-2023
